大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)选育家系的构建和培育技术研究

INVESTIGATION ON FAMILY CONSTRUCTION AND REARING TECHNIQUES FOR TURBOT (SCOPHTHALMUS MAXIMUS L.) FAMILY SELECTION

采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术,对大菱鲆大规模家系的构建与培育技术进行研究。按照1雄配2雌的原则,选取英国、法国、丹麦和挪威4个群体的大菱鲆进行定向交配,并对大菱鲆早期发育阶段苗种进行了环境标准化和一级、二级、三级数量标准化培育。结果表明,构建父系半同胞家系的初始成功率不高,1/3父系半同胞家系的初始构建成功率≤20%;由于家系成功初始构建的不同步性,拉长了家系的培育时间,对同一发育阶段家系早期培育的同步性较差,导致对处于同一发育阶段、但在不同时期培育的家系所进行的环境标准化效果不好,每次数量标准化时,存在部分全同胞家系间数量差异显著。基于早期阶段家系构建和培育存在的问题,提出了拟解决的方法和对策,为大规模建立大菱鲆家系提供参考。

In order to carry out the family selective breeding program of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.,a large-scale family construction was carried out,and the relevant breeding technology investigated.Four imported S.maximus populations were used to initiate the breeding program by Nest mating design and artificial fertilization at 2 females to 1 male.At the early breeding stage of S.maximus,the environment standardization and the first,second,and third quantity standardization were demanded to carry out the program.It was found that the initial success rates of paternal half-sib families constructed were not high enough,and the initial success rates of one third of all half-sib families constructed was ≤ 20%.Because the initial successful construction of families could not synchronized,it was difficult for families at the same growth stage to breed at the same time so that the environment standardization of families in the same growth stage and the different breeding time could not be comparatively well carried out.At each quantity standardization,the population of part full-sib families existed distinct difference.Solutions were devised for the problems of family construction and breeding at early stage,establishing a reference for the large-scale family breeding program of S.maximus.