液体推进剂泄漏时的安全疏散距离

Safe evacuation distance during leakage of liquid propellants

液体推进剂属于危险化学品,一旦发生泄漏,会引起火灾、爆炸、人员中毒和环境污染。因此,有效地控制推进剂泄漏,对于减缓危害十分重要。该文分析了液体推进剂的泄漏扩散过程,建立了推进剂管道或贮罐孔洞突发泄漏时污染物时空分布模型,采用大气Gauss扩散模型计算了发生泄漏扩散时的安全距离和人员疏散范围。结果表明:当推进剂泄漏到直径为5 m的液池中且连续扩散时:偏二甲肼的安全疏散距离为1 200 m;四氧化二氮的安全疏散距离为600 m。该模型可用于推进剂泄漏时的应急处置和风险管理。

Liquid propellants are hazardous chemical that can experience various kinds of accident scenarios during leakage such as fires,explosions,poisoning and environmental pollution.Thus,effective control of propellant leakage is critical to social safety.A model based on the Gauss diffusion of liquid propellant in air was used to describe the leakage of liquid propellant from a pipe or tank as it evaporates.The safe distance where the liquid propellant concentration is below a given concentration was determined as a function of the air flow which significantly affects the time and distance for the propellant transport.A sample calculation indicates that the safe evacuation distance is 1 200 m for unsymmetric dimethyl hydrazine（UDMH） and 600 m for nitrogen tetroxide（N2O4） when the propellant leaks form in a 5 m diameter pond and continually diffuses.The model can be used for emergency management and risk management of the propellant leakage.