黔西北山区小麦育种目标及策略商榷

Breeding Objectives and Strategy Discussion of Wheat in Mountain Area of Northweat Guizhou

黔西北山区是一个特殊生态区,其特殊的生态条件和耕作制度对小麦品种有着特殊的要求。因此,笔者根据20年来从事小麦育种的工作经验,详细论述了黔西北山区特殊的生态条件和耕作制度对小麦品种的要求,综合分析了黔西北山区小麦生产品种及其系谱、小麦产量构成因素及高产育种途径、小麦白粉病和锈病的发病规律及抗性鉴定,提出了该区小麦育种在产量、品质、抗病性和适应性等方面的具体育种目标(指标),并指出远缘杂交、冬春杂交和地方品种的改良是实现上述目标的主要策略。

Mountain area of Northwest Guizhou is a special ecological area;there are special requirements to wheat varieties in the special ecological conditions and cropping system.Therefore,under 20 years of work experience in wheat breeding,the special requirements to wheat varieties in the especial ecological conditions and cropping system of Mountain area of Northwest Guizhou were discussed in detail,the wheat varieties and its pedigree,wheat yield components and yield breeding approaches,the occurrence patterns of wheat powdery mildew and rust and their resistance identifications in the Mountain area of Northwest Guizhou were analysed comprehensively by author.Then,the specific breeding objectives or indicators of yield,quality,disease resistance,adaptability and so on for wheat breeding were proposed;and pointed out that distant hybridization,winter and spring hybridization,the improvements of local varieties are the main strategies to achieve these goals.