重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况、担心程度及应对的相关性研究

Correlation of occurrence,worry degree, and coping actions of occupational hazards among nurses in intensive care units

目的了解重症监护病房护士职业危害的发生现状、对职业危害的担心程度及经常采取的应对方式,探讨重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况与担心程度、发生情况与应对、担心程度与应对的相关性。方法采用自编的一般资料调查表、重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况及担心程度调查问卷和简易应对方式量表,对沈阳市三级甲等医院211名重症监护病房护士进行调查。结果重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况和担心程度以人体工效学、心理社会和组织因素得分最高;职业危害发生情况与担心程度和消极应对呈正相关,担心程度与消极应对呈正相关。结论医院各级管理者应重视重症监护病房护士的职业危害,特别是人体工效学、心理社会和组织因素危害。采取有针对性的防护措施减少重症监护病房护士职业危害的发生;改进以前的培训方式和丰富培训课程内容,正确引导护士认识职业危害并予以积极的应对。

Objective To understand the correlation of occurrence,worry degree,and coping actions of occupational hazards among nurses in intensive care unit （ICU）. Methods Totally 211 ICU nurses in upper first-class hospital in Shenyang were investigated by general information questionnaire,questionnaire of occurrence,worry degree to occupational hazards of ICU nurses, and simply coping style questionnaire. Results Ergonomic,psychosocial,and organizational hazards were the three highest of the overall occurrence and worry degree to occupational hazards among ICU nurses. The occurrence of occupational hazards had positive correlation with worry degree and negative coping actions,the worry degree had positive correlation with negative coping actions. Conclusion The hospital managers should pay more attention to occupational hazards of ICU nurses,especially the ergonomic,psychosocial,and organizational hazards. Aimed protective measures should be adopted to decrease the occurrence of occupational hazards. Former training methods and training course should be improved to help the nurses have enough recognition on occupational hazards and adopt positive coping actions.