皖南山区不同生态条件下中华蜜蜂形态特征差异性

Diversity of morphological characters of Apis cerana cerana in the different ecological conditions of South Anhui Mountainous

为了分析皖南山区中华蜜蜂的生态适应性,对皖南山区5个不同采样点的15群中华蜜蜂450只工蜂的8个形态特征进行测定,对测定的性状特征数据进行数学分析和差异显著性检验,结果是,5个釆样点间的喙长、右前翅长、第三节背板宽、第三节背板颜色、第四节背板宽和第四节背板颜色差异显著。皖南山区中华蜜蜂的前翅长与宽均较大,第3+4背板长也较大,说明皖南中蜂飞翔能力强,采集能力强;背板长反映蜜囊的大小,蜜囊越大,贮存花蜜越多,蜂群进蜜就越快,从形态上说明皖南中蜂是较理想的蜜蜂种群。皖南中蜂种群内遗传变异丰富,种群形态性状的多态性、多型性及其生态地理变异式样,具有生态适应意义。

To analyse ecological adaptability of Apis cerana cerana in Wannan mountain areas of Anhui province,eight kinds of morphological characters of 450 Worker bees in 15 Apis cerana cerana colonies from 5 difference sampling points of Wannan mountain areas were examined.By the mathematical analysis and significance test of difference of traits data,result showed that the remarkable differences of Length labrum,Length forewing,Width tergit 3,Pigment tergit 3,Width tergit 4 and Pigment tergit 4 were existed in 5 sampling points.Apis cerana cerana in Wannan mountain areas had longer length and width of forewing,longer length of tergit 3 and tergit 4,thus represented the great ability of volitation and gathering.The long tergit represented the size of honey stomach,bigger honey stomach could keep more nectar and quicker gathering.These morphological characters showed that Apis cerana cerana in Wannan mountain areas was the more perfect population.The inherited variations in populations of Apis cerana cerana in Wannan mountain areas had great abundance.The difference in morphological characters and the way of ecological and geographical variations gave meaning of ecological adaptation for Apis cerana cerana.