多尺度生态系统健康综合评价——以宁波市为例

Comprehensive assessment of ecosystem health on multiple scales:a case study for Metropolitan Area of Ningbo

以宁波市为例,从市域、所辖县(市/区)、生态系统3个尺度,划分出城市、森林、河流、农田、湖库及海岸带六类生态系统,选定56个指标因子建立了宁波市生态系统健康评价体系,并采用生态系统健康指数法进行了多尺度综合评价。结果显示:(1)宁波市生态系统处于亚健康状态,(2)县(市/区)生态系统中慈溪、象山和镇海为亚健康偏向预警水平,主城区(海曙区、江东区和江北区)、北仑、余姚、鄞州、奉化和宁海为一般健康水平;(3)对宁波市生态系统健康影响的生态系统类型主要是海岸带、河流和农田,县(市/区)主要是慈溪、镇海和象山,影响因子主要是海岸带初级生产力、海水综合污染指数、河流水环境质量和农田系统生产力。根据评价结果,提出重点在农田、河流和海岸带相关方面制定管理措施和开发政策。同时本研究表明,多尺度综合评价方法有助于生态环境管理部门全面直观认识不同尺度上生态系统健康状态,并具体分析主要的影响因子,进行区域生态环境管理的科学决策。

In this study,the ecosystem health（CEH）for the metropolitan area of Ningbo was assessed on three scales,i.e.metropolitan area,counties/districts and ecosystems.In making the assessment,Ningbo metropolitan area was divided into six types of ecosystem：urban,forest,river,cropland,lake/reservoir and coastal ecosystems.An assessment of ecosystem health was established on the basis of 56 selected indicators which covered economic,environmental and ecological information.The status of ecosystem health on multiple scales was assessed by an indexing method of CEH.The results showed that：（1）The CEH of Ningbo municipality area was sub healthy status;（2）The CEHs of Cixi District,Xiangshan County and Zhenhai District were sub healthy status and approaching a cause for alarm;The CEHs of Ningbo metropolitan districts including Haishu,Jiangdong and Jiangbei districts,Beilun District,Yuyao District,Yinzhou District,Fenghua District and Ninghai County were in a fairly healthy status;（3）On the scale of metropolitan area,the CEH status was mainly influenced by the coast,river and cropland ecosystems;On the scale of counties/districts,the CEH status was mainly influenced by Cixi,Zhenhai and Xiangshan;On the scale of ecosystems,the key impact indicators were coastal primary production,integrated pollution index of sea water,water quality of river and cropland production.According to the assessment results,attention should be paid to regulation measures and development policies related to the cropland,river and coastal ecosystems.The CEH assessment method on multiple scales used in this study provides a useful tool to assess the status of ecosystem health at different scales.It can be used by departments of administration and management to help,identify the main impacting indicators to allow a sound decision-making for the management and planning of regional environment.