皖琅琊山自然保护区大型真菌群落多样性

Community diversity of macrofungi in Langyashan Natural Reserve,Anhui Province

对安徽省琅琊山自然保护区大型真菌的群落多样性进行了研究。对该区内设置的样地Ⅰ(针阔混交林)、样地Ⅱ(常绿-落叶阔叶混交林)、样地Ⅲ(落叶阔叶林)、样地Ⅳ(琅琊榆-刺槐林)和样地Ⅴ(竹林)共5种具有代表性的植物群落内的大型真菌的种类和数量进行了调查。选用了物种丰富度(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(E)和优势度曲线(K-dominance)等指标,对该区大型真菌的群落多样性进行了测定。结果表明,大型真菌的分布与植物群落类型有着密切关系。R的变化趋势为样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ>样地Ⅳ>样地Ⅴ;H′的变化趋势是样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅲ>样地Ⅳ>样地Ⅴ;E的变化趋势是样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ>样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅳ>样地Ⅴ。另外,季节变化对大型真菌的分布也有较大的影响。秋季大型真菌出现的种类及个体数量较高,R和H′高于春季,而E值却相反。选用的群落多样性指标能较客观地反映该地区大型真菌群落的组成,并揭示不同群落间的关系。

In this paper,the community diversity of macrofungi,in Langyashan Natural Reserve,Anhui Province,was studied. Five sample plots were set up to stand for different types of plant communities：Ⅰ（mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest）,Ⅱ （ mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest）,Ⅲ （ mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest）,Ⅳ （ mixed Ulmus chenmoui-Robinia pseudoacacia community）,Ⅴ （Bamboo forest）,were made in the Reserve and Margalef index （R）,Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇）,Pielou evenness index （E） and K-dominance curves were used for analysis on community diversity of the macrofungi in the Reserve. The results showed that the ecological distribution of macrofungi was closely associated with plant community. The change trend of R was Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ,while that of H＇ was Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ and that of E was Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅳ Ⅴ. In addition,the seasonal changes had great impact on the distribution. R and H＇in autumn were higher than in spring,while the E showed opposite trend. These selected indices indicated objectively the composition of the macrofungal community and revealed the relationship among different communities.