灌溉频次和时期对冬小麦籽粒产量及品质特性的影响

Effects of irrigation frequency and stages on grain yield and quality characteristics of winter wheat

为探讨我国北方地区冬小麦的节水灌溉模式,2006—2008年,在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站,以冬小麦品种科农9204为试验材料,在总灌溉量为120mm的条件下,研究了灌溉次数和灌溉时期对籽粒产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、籽粒蛋白质含量以及相关主要品质特性的影响。结果表明,拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期一次灌溉分别有利于产量、干物质积累量和千粒重的形成或提高;两次灌溉处理中,以拔节和抽穗期各灌60mm处理籽粒产量最高,籽粒蛋白质产量有随灌溉时期后移而降低的趋势;冬小麦生育期间随灌溉次数增多和灌溉时期后移,湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间等均显著降低。综合考虑冬小麦的籽粒产量、WUE、营养品质和加工品质,在总灌溉量为120mm的条件下,以拔节和抽穗期各灌溉60mm为宜。

In North China,in order to obtain high and stable grain yield of winter wheat,irrigation should be applied during its growing season. However,water resource is very shortage and irrigation water use efficiency is very low. Therefore,irrigation frequency should be adopted in this region. In 2006 2008,an experiment was conducted at Luancheng Experimental Station of CAS to study irrigation frequency on grain yield,water use efficiency （WUE）,protein yield,wet gluten content,development time,and stability time of winter wheat under irrigation frequency by variety Kenong ＂9204＂. The results showed that irrigated at jointing,heading,and milking stages were in favor of increased grain yield,dry matter accumulation,or 1000 kernel weight,respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained in case of the treatment was irrigated 60 mm at jointing and heading stages,respectively. Irrigated two times during the growing stages of winter wheat could increase protein yield; however,irrigation timing during the later part of the growing season of winter wheat could decrease the protein yield. The results indicated that irrigation timing in the later part of the growing season and the increase in the times of irrigation,wet gluten content,development time,and stability time were all significantly decreased. On the basis of the experimental results,it is suggested that irrigation should be applied at jointing and heading stages of winter wheat to obtain reasonable grain yield,WUE,and quality under irrigation frequency in North China.