中华秋沙鸭越冬行为时间分配及日活动节律

Behavioral time budget and daily rhythms for wintering Mergus squamatus

2007年12月-2008年1月和2008年11-12月,在江西省境内4条主要河流及其支流对中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)越冬期的各种行为活动节律及时间分配进行了实地调查研究。结果表明:中华秋沙鸭越冬期的主要行为有取食、游泳、理羽、静息、睡眠、游戏、飞行和观察。其中取食、游泳、理羽、静息呈明显的节律性变化,且取食与静息呈相反的节律变化;睡眠、飞行、游戏和观察没有明显的节律性变化。取食在7:00-8:00、10:00-11:00、12:00-13:00有明显的峰值,峰值平均间隔2.3h,其它时段具相近取食频次,且上午高于下午。睡眠和静息下午发生频次明显高于上午,并呈现节律性变化,对应3个取食高峰表现为低频次。行为时间分配如下:取食(46%),游泳(23%),理羽(9%)、静息和睡眠(各占8%)、飞行(4%)、游戏(2%)和观察(0.5%)。越冬期中华秋沙鸭大量时间用于取食,意图是为了积累能量。相关分析表明:取食与睡眠的发生呈显著负相关(R=-0.73,df=8,P<0.05);取食与飞行的发生呈显著正相关(R=0.70,df=8,P<0.05);理羽与静息的发生呈极显著正相关(R=0.88,df=8,P<0.01);其他各种行为之间无显著相关性。

We developed the study on behavioral time budget daily rhythm of Mergus squamatus in four rivers and their branches in Jiangxi province,eastern China during two wintering seasons,from November to December,January to February from in 2007 and 2008.The results indicated that the main behaviors of M.squamatus included foraging,swimming,washing feather,resting state,sleeping,playing,flying and observing.For those behaviors,foraging,swimming,preening and resting occurred with obvious rhythm,however,feeding behavior took on reverse rhythm by comparing with resting.The behaviors of sleeping,flying,playing and observing occurred without obvious rhythm.Peaks of feeding behavior took place at 7：00-8：00 A.M,10：00-11：00 A.M and 12：00-13：00 P.M.,and with an interval about 2.3 h between two peaks.The species feed more frequently in forenoon than afternoon.The frequencies of sleeping and resting in afternoon were significant higher than that in forenoon,and took on a fluctuated trait.The low frequency of sleeping and resting corresponded with three feeding peak.The time that the species spent on different types of behaviors was as follows：feeding（46%）,swimming（23%）,washing feather（9%）,resting（8%）,sleep（8%）,flying（4%）,playing（2%）,and observing（0.5%）.M.squamatus spent most time on feeding to accumulate energy during wintering period.The time that the species spent on feeding was negatively correlated with that on sleep（R=-0.73,df=8,P〈0.05）,but positively correlated with that on flying（R=0.70,df=8,P〈0.05）,and time spent on preening was positively correlated with that on resting（R=0.88,df=8,P〈0.01）.No significant correlation relationships were detected for other behaviors.