温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂发育与繁殖的影响

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the development and reproduction of Coccophagus ceroplastae

斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂是橡副珠蜡蚧的重要寄生性天敌之一。研究了温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂发育、寄生及繁殖等方面的生态学特性。研究表明:温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂种群增长影响明显。在32℃下不能完成世代发育,在温度为18-27℃范围内随温度升高发育加快,18℃发育历期最长(54.0d),27℃最短(22.8d);世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为12.76℃和307.62日度。高温和低温均不利于斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂寄生,21℃时寄生率最高为(36.0%),30℃时寄生率最低(4.5%)。结合发育历期、体长、产卵、抱卵、寄生率等参数,该蜂发育繁殖的适宜温度为21-27℃度范围内,30℃以上不利于小蜂的发育及存活。斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂对长光的刺激比较敏感,随光照时间增长,发育加快、产卵量明显增加,长日照条件(LD16∶8h)的发育历期最短(24.8d),短日照条件(LD10∶14h)的最长(27.8d),产卵量在长日照条件(LD16∶8h)时最多(119.6粒),短日照条件(LD10∶14h)时最少(86.2粒)。结合发育、产卵、寄生等参数,长日照条件(LD14∶10-LD16∶8h)有利于种群增长。

Coccophagus ceroplastae is one of the important parasitoids of Parasaissetia nigra.In this paper,the development,fecundity per female and parasitism rates of C.ceroplastae were studied at different constant temperatures and photoperiods,respectively.The results showed that temperature and photoperiod had significant effects on population growth of C.ceroplastae.C.ceroplastae could not complete its life history at 32℃.The development rate increased significantly with the increase of temperature between 18℃ and 27℃.The development duration were the longest at 18℃（54.0d）and the shortest at 27℃（22.8d）.The thermal threshold and effective accumulated temperature of C.ceroplastae were 12.76℃ and 307.62 day-degree,respectively.High and low temperatures were not suitable for the parasitisation of C.ceroplastae.The parasitism rate of C.ceroplastae was the highest at 21℃（36.0%）and the lowest at 30℃（4.5%）.Giving the development duration,body length,parasitic rate and fecundity per female,21-27℃ was optimal for the development and reproduction of C.ceroplastae,while the temperature over 30℃was not suitable for its survival and development.C.ceroplastae was sensitive to the photoperiod.The development rate and fecundity per female increased with the increase of illumination time.The development duration was the shortest（24.8d）at the condition of L∶D=16∶8h and the longest（27.8d）at the condition of L∶D=10∶14h.The fecundity per female was the highest（119.6 eggs）at the condition of L∶D=16∶8h and the lowest（86.2 eggs）at the condition of L∶D 10∶14h.Giving the development duration,fecundity and parasitic rate,L∶D=14-16∶8-10 h was most suitable for the population growth of C.ceroplastae.