塔里木河中游河段水文要素分析——以乌斯满河口上下游河段为例

Hydrological elements analysis of the middle reaches of Tarim River:a case of the upper and lower reaches of Usman Estuary

采取工程措施调整干流上、中、下游区水量泄放比例,完成塔里木河流域综合治理工程项目,实现塔里木河的综合治理生态河流目标。由于中游河道比降小、砂质河岸极易侵蚀,河床宽浅,河道行洪能力低下;该段是塔里木河冲积平原南北伸展最宽的地段,是塔里木河河道泛滥地段,洪水使河道改道频繁。为进一步论证塔里木河中游河段控制型拦河枢纽工程对上下游河段堤防和两岸生态闸的影响,进行塔里木河中游拟建枢纽工程上下游河段内的水文要素观测、测量实验分析,掌握河段各项水文要素变化特征,分析河段内洪水的水面线、糙率的变化情况和中游河段的年径流量、最大洪峰流量、泥沙含量、输沙量等水文要素衰减率,以及河道内断面冲淤变化等问题,是为进一步研究洪水冲刷对堤防、水利工程影响的基本资料,是流域综合治理工程项目论证工作的必要条件。

The measures is taken to adjust the main stream of the upper,middle and downstream areas of water discharge ratio to complete comprehensive control and get the goal of the ecological management of the Tarim River.There is little flood discharge capacity because of lower slope,the river-bank easy to erosion and wide-shallow riverbed in the middle way.Furthmore,as a widest location of from south to north,the flood often change the width as it is easy to flood frequently.It is necessary to clarify the conditions for basin comprehensive control project,to master characteristics of any kinds of hydrological elements and to provide basic information through further studying the impact of flood embankment erosion to water conservancy project,to demonstrate the reacts on breaking river hub of Tarim to dyke and ecological gateway,to demonstrate the reacts on flood crashing to dyke or hydraulic engineering,to analyze of river water within the flood line,the changes in roughness and middle reaches of the river＇s annual runoff,the largest peak flow,sediment concentration,sediment discharge rate attenuation factors such as hydrology,as well as changes in river erosion and deposition within the section and so on.