汽车正撞的数值模拟及实验验证

Numerical simulation and test validation of vehicle frontal crash

为了在汽车的设计阶段使被设计车辆更好地满足耐撞性的要求，以某汽车为研究对象，采用动态大变形非线性有限元模拟技术，模拟了该车正面撞击刚体墙的过程。与已完成的该车实车正面碰撞结果进行了对比分析，验证了所建立的有限元模型的正确性。在此基础上，进一步建立了该车转向系、简化的车体和混三型假人的多刚体系统，通过应用多刚体动力学技术模拟了发生碰撞时假人的动态响应并得到了其损伤指标。最后根据模拟计算得到的结果对该车前部结构的耐撞性进行了评价。

Using CAE technique in vehicle design stage will help the designed vehicle to meet the requirement of crashworthness. The dynamic frontal crash event of a certain local manufactured vehicle is simulated by dynamic nonlinear finite element method (FEM). Compared with the frontal crash test data of full scale vehicle, the FEM model is validated. Based on the results of FEM simulation, the multibody model which includes steering system, simplified vehicle body and Hybrid Ⅲ dummy is set up. The dynamic response and injury criteria of the dummy during the impact are calculated. According to the results of computer simulation and test, the crashworthness of the vehicle is evaluated, and the improving project of the vehicle structure is presented.