核电厂HRA组织定向研究

Organization-committed human reliability analysis in nuclear power plants

概率安全评价(PSA)已经成为核电厂定量化安全评价的主要方法,人因可靠性分析(HRA)是其中重要组成部分。传统的HRA方法研究对象主要是"个体失误",而HRA的全面评估必须考虑"组织情景",HRA必须组织定向。分析了HRA各主要方法对于组织因素考虑的不足,提出了HRA组织定向的必要性和基本原则。在提出组织定向的假设条件基础上,建立了HRA(A、B、C类事故)与核电厂相关特定组织之问的映射模型。

The paper is aimed at presenting our analysis of the deficiencies of main HRA （Human Reliability Analysis） method while attaching importance into the organizational factors. As is known, prob- abilistic safety assessment （PSA） has been a dominant method in assessing quantitatively and qualitatively the safety of a nuclear power plant. Since lIRA is an overriding ingredient in assessing the object of HRA methods focused on ＂the errors caused by individuals,＂ it is necessary to give a comprehensive assessment over the production safety of the nuclear power plant system, which should include the ＂organizational factor.＂ Therefore, as a rule, HRA should be done on the basis both of full consideration of organizational factors as well as individual human features. While proposing the preliminary conditions of organization-committed HRA and establishing the mapping model, it also takes into consideration the connection among the three categories of human factors （i. e. Category A, Category B and Category C）. which are likely to contribute to the production accidents Thus, the suggested method can provide a clearer categorization of organizational factors. Whereas the transmission route is oriented to Category B and Category C in the main control room, Category A is also taken into account as an inseparable factor that may lead to the accident. Hence, the paper proposes a new approach to quantitative estimation in analyzing the organizational factors as a weight imposed on HRA.