南京国民政府公费制度之沿革

On the evolution of government expense system during the nationalist government of nanjing

自抗战全面爆发以来,南京国民政府的公费制度经历了贷金制度、免费公费制度与奖学金制度三个不同的形态。抗战期间贷金制度与免费公费制度的出台,固然解决了大批来自沦陷区青年学子的生计问题,但也占用了大量的教育经费,从而形成了严重的中等以上教育与初等教育经费倒挂现象。1947年推出的奖学金制度,则反映了政府方面力图改变此种弊端的努力与教育体制转换的艰难。

The government expense system experienced three difference forms that is loan system, free expense system and scholarship system since the nationalist government of nanjing came on stage. The appearance of loan system and free expense system solved the students life problem, but occupied so much educational funds, which formed a serious phenomenon of hanging upside down between high ＆ middle and primary educational funds during the Anti - Japanese War. The appearance of scholarship system indicated the government efforts to change this malpractice and the difficulties of educational system＇s transformation from the wartime educational system to peacetime educational system in 1947.