“精细农业”发展与工程技术创新

Development of Precision Agriculture and Innovation of Engineering Technologies

综述了目前国外“精细农业”实践的主要目标及其技术思想的内涵。着重围绕其主要支持技术发展，讨论了有关工程技术创新及推动我国开展试验研究的问题。针对目前国外对这一技术体系的研究与实践，主要集中在基于ＧＰＳ和ＧＩＳ技术应用的作物生产系统精细管理方面，提出用“精细农作”的译名来表达。进入２１世纪，基于知识和信息的“精细农作”技术思想，必将扩展到大农业经营的各个领域，推动农业生产的信息化与知识化，逐步形成一个基于农业生物科学、电子信息技术及工程装备为主导的“精细农业”技术体系，为建立优质、高效和可持续发展的农业系统服务。

This paper summarizes the research target of recent precision agriculture and its technical ideas and discusses the direction of technical innovations for the supporting technologies. Some proposals for the applied research in the country are presented. Recent research on precision agriculture in the world is still concentrated on precision farming for crop production. The translation of the phrase “precision agriculture” into Chinese shall be implicated in the Site Specific Crop Management. Following the rapid application of information technology to the agricultural sector, the ideas for precision management of agricultural resources and production would be expanded into all fields of agricultural system, such as precision facilities horticulture, precision raising, precision processing to keep high productivity, high efficiency, low cost and less environmental pollution as well as with high value added technology,etc. Then a real precision agriculture system will be established to support overall sustainable agriculture development based on the new information and biological technology revolution.