苏州太湖湿地芦苇生物量与水深的动态特征研究

Study on dynamic characteristics between the biomass of Phragmites communis and water depth at Taihu wetland in Suzhou

随着城市工业化水平和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市淡水湖泊的破坏越来越严重,部分湖泊水质污染严重,湿地面积锐减、功能退化。通过对苏州太湖国家旅游度假区湿地整个生长季的芦苇群落的调查,分析芦苇生物量的季节分配规律及水深与芦苇根冠比、株高和密度的相互关系,为苏州太湖湿地生态系统的保护和恢复提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)芦苇地上生物量从2009年4月至2010年1月呈先增后减的趋势,10月下旬达到最大值((2 219.46±280.86)g/m2);10月下旬的芦苇根冠比最高,达到了2.4,而4月底的芦苇根冠比最低(1.5);(2)季节性淹水区(简称SFF区)地上生物量明显高于干旱区(简称AF区),淹水区(简称FF区)居中;AF区根冠比稍高于FF区和SFF区;(3)10月下旬芦苇地下0～100 cm深处根系生物量最高,达到了(5 113.41±313.86)g/m2;地下50～70 cm处根系生物量(质量分数为(28.33±4.15)%)明显高于20～40 cm处根系生物量(质量分数为(19.85±1.59)%),而0～20、80～100 cm处根系生物量质量分数较低,仅分别为(13.05±2.35)%和(15.87±3.52)%;(4)芦苇的根冠比及密度与水深呈反比,芦苇的株高与水深呈正比。

With the rising of urban industrialization and elevation of living standard, the destruction of fresh water lake wetlands in city is becoming more and more serious. In this paper, Taihu wetland ecosystem in Suzhou was selected as target area and the Phragmites communis planted there was chosen as research object, the growth of Phragrnites cornmunis during a whole growing season was monitored to analyze the biomass seasonal distribution and the relationship between root-shoot ratio, height, density and water depth. The results as follows： （1） The aboveground biomass increased first and then decreased during the period from April 2009 to January 2010, the biomass reached the highest of （2 219.46±280.86） g/m^2 in the late October, the maximum root-shoot ratio value （2.4） achieved simultaneously and minimum value of root-shoot ratio （1. 5） was found in April; （2） Comparison for aboveground biomass among different observing spots showed that Seasonal Flooded Field ranked the first and Ariel Field was the last, but Arid Field, for the underground biomass, was on the top; （3） For the root biomass under ground, the maximum reached （5 113.41±313.86） g/m^2 in the depth ranged 0-100 cm in late October, the mass ratio of root biomass underground 50-70 cm was （28.33±4. 15）%, higher than that of root biomass in other depth; （4）The root-shoot ratio and density had a negative correlation with the water depth, but positive for the height.