从六镇鲜卑看拓跋鲜卑的汉化过程

The Process of Assimilation by Han Nationality of Xianbei Ethnic from Six-town to Tuoba

魏晋南北朝时期是一个急速转变、动荡复杂的时代。中原势力被削弱,边疆少数民族不断深入到华夏文明的中心地带,给原本单独活动的汉民族带来了巨大的冲击。在这一时期,出现了一个民族融合的高峰。每个入主中原的少数民族政权,都无一例外地进行了汉化。而拓跋鲜卑就是一个典型的例子。在拓跋鲜卑整个汉化过程中,六镇鲜卑不同于迁入中原的鲜卑,他们的汉化过程很好地体现了汉文化与鲜卑文化在融合过程的冲突与摩擦。虽然在汉化过程中,困难重重,但是汉化始终是主流,是历史的必然趋势。

Wei-Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasty is an era of drastic transition and great turmoil. The power of Central plains were weakened and ethnics at boarder areas incessantly filtered into the center of Chinese civilization, bringing along a gigantic shock on the Han nationality that were used to living a life of their own. During this period, there appeared a peak of assimilation, which affected all those invaders, of whom Tuobaxianbei was most typical. In the whole process, the six-town xianbei＇s assimilation by Han Nationality, somewhat different from other branches, well embodied the fuse and dispute in between, an indispensable historical trend with a lot of difficulties in its process.