安徽省淮南市流行性乙型脑炎流行特征及防制策略探讨

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis and control strategy in Huainan

目的了解安徽省淮南市流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）流行特点和趋势。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对淮南市历年乙脑流行病学资料进行整理和分析。结果1952-2008年淮南市共报告乙脑4444例,发病率波动在0.14/10万~58.27/10万之间,年平均发病率为1.17/10万,1995年以来发病率降至1/10万以下。病例分布于全市所有县（区）,农村发病高于城市。流行期为6-9月,高峰为7-8月,占全年病例的93.18%。患者以〈10岁儿童为主,占90.11%,其中以散居儿童居多。病例中未接种过乙脑疫苗的以流动儿童为主。结论1998年以来乙脑发病率显著下降与乙脑疫苗预防接种为主的综合性防制措施有关,今后仍需提高农村儿童和流动儿童乙脑疫苗接种率,加强疫情监测、健康教育和防蚊灭蚊工作。

Objective To find out the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of Japanese encephalitis（JE） in Huainan,provide basis to develop prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of JE over the years in Huainan.Results A total of 4444 JE cases were reported from 1952 to 2008,the incidence rate ranged from 0.14/lakh to 58.27/lakh,and the average annual incidence rate was 1.17/lakh.The incidence rate had decreased to1/lakh since 1995.The cases distributed in all the region of Huainan,but the incidence was higher in rural area than in urban area.The cases mainly occurred from June to September,but peaked during July-August with cases accounting for 93.18% of the total cases in a year Most cases（90.11%） were children less than 10 years old,of which the majority were scattered children.Many cases were the children in floating population.Conclusion The dramatic decrease of JE incidence since 1998 was considered to be related with the vaccination-key measure of the comprehensive prevention and control.It is still necessary to increase the JE vaccination coverage among the children in rural area and in floating population,and strengthen the disease surveillance,health education and anti-mosquito activity.