浙江省病媒生物监测和群落动态研究

Surveillance of important disease vectors in Zhejiang province

目的通过对浙江省杭州、宁波等22个病媒生物监测点的调查,分析浙江省2008年鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊的发生动态,为浙江省病媒生物防制及其传播疾病的控制提供依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)》,鼠和蜚蠊密度全年监测,分别选择夹夜法和粘蟑纸法;成蚊密度和蝇密度监测时间为4-11月,分别选择诱蚊灯法和笼诱法。结果浙江省2008年蚊和鼠季节消长呈单峰型,蝇和蜚蠊密度消长呈双峰型曲线;鼠密度很低,不到1.0%;优势种淡色库蚊构成比占61.9%,三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊和白纹伊蚊构成比分别占21.0%,6.0%和3.3%。优势种德国小蠊构成比高达85.1%。逐月密度分析表明,蚊类在6-7月出现1个高峰,蝇类5和7-9月呈2个高峰,蜚蠊在6-7月和9-10月出现2个高峰,鼠类在每月间波动较大,高峰值出现在4月和7月。结论病媒生物构成和密度的变化会影响相关传染病的发生。建议加强对病媒生物及其传播疾病的综合监测、预警、控制对策和措施的研究工作。

Objective To understand the annual dynamics of disease vectors such as rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches in Zhejiang province by analyzing the regularly surveillance data of disease vectors in Hangzhou,Ningbo and other 20 cities in 2008.Methods The night trapping and cockroach glue board methods were used to monitor the rodent and cockroach densities.The lamp-trapping and cage-trapping were conducted to monitor the densities of mosquitoes and flies from April to November,respectively.Results The annual density dynamic curves of mosquitoes and rodents were with single-peak,and the annual density dynamic curves of flies and cockroaches were with two-peaks.The density of rats was low.The constituent ratio of predominant mosquito species-Culex pipiens pallens was 61.9%,and the constituent ratio of Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Anopheles sinensis and Aedes albopictus reached about 21.0%,6.0% and 3.3%,respectively in 2008.Blattella germanica （Linnaeus） was the predominant species and its constituent ratio reached 85.1% in 2008.The analysis by month indicated that the peak of mosquito density was during June – July,two peaks of fly density were found to be in May and during July – September,and two peaks of cockroach density were found too,which were during June-July and during September-October respectively.The density of rats changed greatly every month and peaked in April and in July.Conclusion IThe risk of vector-borne disease might be greater than before because of the change of vector population and its constitution.It necessary to strengthen the surveillance and control of disease vectors and vector-borne diseases in Zhejiang province.