浙江省宁波市城乡结合部学龄前儿童伤害流行现状及因素分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of injuries among preschool children in urban-rural fringe areas of Ningbo

目的了解浙江省宁波市城乡结合部学龄前儿童伤害发生的流行病学特征及影响因素。方法选取宁波市鄞州区高桥镇作为项目点,整群抽取该镇8个行政村,采用问卷形式,对891名学龄前儿童在过去1年内(2007年1月11日至12月31日)伤害发生情况及相关因素进行调查。结果被调查的891名儿童中,1年内发生伤害的达120人次,伤害发生率为13.47%,其中男女性儿童伤害发生率分别为15.45%和11.17%,伤害类型构成排序前5位依次为跌落(55.00%)、动物伤(10.00%)、烧烫伤(6.67%)、钝器伤(5.83%)和交通事故(5.83%)。不同户籍的学龄前儿童伤害发生率差异无统计学意义,但发生时间及伤后处理结果等不一致。对学龄前儿童伤害及相关因素进行多因素logistic回归分析提示,儿童年龄较大、没有上幼儿园、无保姆陪护、母亲文化程度较低,以及家庭中存在的某些危险环境,是儿童伤害发生的危险因素。结论伤害严重影响着城乡结合部学龄前儿童的健康,应针对儿童伤害的影响因素,及早开展伤害的干预控制措施。

Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of injuries among preschool children in urban-rural fringe areas of Ningbo.Methods A total of 891 preschool children from 8 administrative villages under Gaoqiao Town,Yinzhou district,Ningbo were surveyed using questionnaires,investigating injuries to them in the past year （from January 11 to December 31,2007 ） and the related factors.Results In the past year,the 891 children underwent 120 injury cases with an overall incidence of 13.47%.This value was 15.45% for males and 11.17% for females.The top five causes of injury were as follows in descending order：falling （55.00%）,animal bites （10.00%）,burns （6.67%）,blunt wounds （5.83%） and traffic accidents （5.83%）.The outcomes varied in the preschool children injured at different time and treated in different ways after injury.Multivariate Logistic regressions analysis revealed that older age,not attending kindergarten,absence of housemaid＇s care,lower maternal education level and other family environmental hazards constituted the risk factors of children injuries.Conclusion In view of the prevalence of injuries in the fringe areas that severely compromises preschool children＇s health,it is essential to implement interventional control measures against injuries according to the risk factors of children injuries in a timely manner.