惩罚在教育中的伦理学辩护

Ethical Justification for Punishment in Education

在当前的学校教育中,部分教师不敢运用合理的惩罚。而代偿论惩罚观从伦理学的视角为惩罚的教育意义进行了辩护。代偿论惩罚观认为,惩罚的核心意义在于让儿童对自己的违规行为进行"代偿",为其行为承担责任,惩罚的积极影响主要是让儿童学会为自己的行为负责,使他们掌握集体生活的规范,促进他们的社会化。此外,教师合法持有惩罚权,教师有理由也有必要把惩罚纳入常规的教育手段之中,但应该正视惩罚的消极影响,建立惩罚中的免责和人道主义援助机制等。

Some teachers do not dare to use reasonable punishment in the current schooling. By coming up with the compensatory theory of punishment, we aim to justify the educational significance of punishment from an ethical angle. The core significance of punishment lies in making the children compensate for their illegal activities and undertake the responsibility for their behaviors. Furthermore, the positive effect of punishment is to make children learn to be responsible for their behaviors, to help them grasp the norms of collective life, and to promote their socialization. In addition, teachers have the legal power of conducting punishment and it is reasonable and necessary for them to take punishment as one of the routine teaching methods. But meanwhile, teachers should also face up to the negative effect of punishment. A mechanism of responsibility exemption and humanitarian assistance in punishment should be established in the educational system itself.