中国社会转型与法的统一性

The Social Transition and Unity of Law in China

社会转型必然引起法的理论和制度体系的统一性运动。殷周之际的社会转型形成了道德人文法思想和礼乐刑政模式;春秋战国至秦汉的社会转型形成了礼法结合、德主刑辅的法律思想和制度模式;唐宋之间的社会变动,没有改变法的统一性,但理学使法的统一理论达到了顶峰,实现了哲理、法理与情理,天理、国法与人情的贯通与融合。晚清社会转型,使传统中国法的统一性解体,同时开启了新的中国法的统一性运动。法的统一性在传统中国有其必然性和长期性,而且是统一在道德原理之上的,这对未来中国法的统一性仍有其价值。当代中国法正在道德与自由这两个基本原理的支配和社会主义平等理念的指引下向着新的统一性的方向发展。

Transition in the society necessarily leads to the unification movement between legal theory and institutional system. The social transition in Shang and Zhou Dynasties formed the model of moral humanity thoughts and crimes and politics based on li （ceremony and etiquette） and yue （music） ; the social transition in Chunqiu and War States Times till Qin and Han Dynasties formed the thoughts and institutional model of combining morality and law, stressing more on morality than on punishment; the turbulence in Tang and Song Dynasties did not change the unity of law, but the emerging of Lixue brought the peak of unification and real- ized the combination of philosophical theories, legal theories and common sense, as well as the combination of universal law, enacted law and sensibilities. The social transition in late Qing Dynasty dissolved the unity of traditional China law and opened a new movement of unification. This is important because the necessity and long term unification of law in China, and unified on moral doctrines and will through light on the unification in the future. Today, China is in the trend of developing toward a new unity directed by the basic principle of morality, freedom, and the notion of equality in socialism.