论董事对公司债权人负责的法理正当性——从法人组织体说的局限性及其超越之路径展开

The Legitimacy in Legal Theory for the Directors' Responsibility to Creditors of Corporations

董事为什么对公司的债权人承担民事责任是一项必须在法人本质论学说下进行学术探索的工作,而当下的法人组织体说无法为该论题提供正当性依据。在区分作为制度分析与建构支架的"理论逻辑基础"的法人本质与作为本体论意义上的法人本质这个前提下,董事对公司债权人负责的命题不能从其他法人本质论的学说获取立论根据,只能算作法律的特殊规定。为了阐明该特殊规定的法理正当性,有必要超越法人组织体说的局限性,探求法人本质论层面之外的论证根据。从经济分析的方法来看,该特殊规定表现了"帕累托改进"效应,其说服力因之得以增强,可作为董事对公司债权人负责的法理正当性来源。

The question why director should assume civil responsibility for creditor in corporations is worthy of probing hut not possible at the present stage by the doctrine of legal person as an organization. On the premise of the nature of legal person as a theoretical basis and in the sense of ontology, the issue of director should assume civil responsibility for creditor in corporations cannot he proved by other theories but only spe- cial legal description. It is necessary to go beyond traditional theory and probe further evidences. By economic analysis, the special legal description shows the effect of Pareto improvement, the persuasiveness is strengthened, and can be regarded as the basis of the legitimacy in legal theory for the directors＇ responsibility to creditors of corporations.