美国驻迪化领事馆的设立与其“疆独”政策的缘起

The Setting Up of US Consulate in Dihua and the Origin of US Policy towards "Xinjiang Independence" Issue

20世纪40年代初,苏德战争、太平洋战争先后爆发,第二次世界大战达到最大规模,中国抗日战争也早已进入战略相持阶段。进入1942年之后,新疆战略地位愈益凸显,国民政府趁新疆政局突变之机收回对新疆控制权,美国出于多重考虑在新疆省会迪化(今乌鲁木齐)设立领事馆。美国驻迪化领事馆在新疆进行了一系列秘密活动,包括策动"疆独"势力分裂新疆、阻挠新疆和平解放。自此之后,美国成为影响"疆独"问题的重要外部变量之一。

At the beginning of the 1940s,after the outbreak of the Soviet-German War and the Pacific War,the Second World War reached its largest scope and the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had already entered the strategic stalemate.Since 1942,the strategic status of Xinjiang became more and more important and the Nationalist Government recovered the control of Xinjiang by taking advantage of the sudden change of Xinjiang's political situation.The US government,out of multiple considerations,set up consulate in Dihua (Urumqi),the capital city of Xinjiang.The US consulate in Dihua undertook a series of secret activities,including masterminding 'Xinjiang Independence' forces' separatist actions and preventing Xinjiang's peaceful liberation.Since then,US has become an important outside factor affecting 'Xinjiang Independence' issue.