英国开展儿童户外游戏的理论与实践

On the Outdoor Play in British Early Childhood Education

英国的学前教育理论研究者和实践工作者普遍认为户外游戏对儿童身心的发展较室内活动有着更为重要的作用,且能同室内活动一起促进儿童的充分发展,辅助幼儿园教育教学目标的完成。在户外游戏环境的设计和布置上,英国的学前教育工作者十分重视室内教育环境与户外游戏环境的衔接,认为户外游戏场地的面积不宜过小,以免引发儿童之间的攻击性行为,但也不宜过大,以免幼儿产生不安全感和增加教师管理的难度。户外游戏场地区域的划分要考虑不同游戏功能的充分发挥与不同区域之间的相邻关系。大型的户外固定玩具不如简单自然、易使用、能移动、玩法多样的玩具更适合户外游戏,同时教师应创设条件让儿童充分有效地利用户外环境。我国幼儿园应在户外游戏与室内活动相结合、户外游戏目标确定、户外游戏开展特点与条件研究等方面多向英国同行学习。

In British, outdoor play was considered as a more important way of the physical and mental development of children, as well as indoor play. Theory and practice workers generally agreed that outdoor play and indoor play are contributed to the whole development of children and the achievement of kindergarten＇s teaching objectives. We introduce the outdoor play theory in UK about the implementation of outdoor play, in order to impel our domestic kindergarten to solve the problems of the combination of outdoor play and indoor Play, identity the target of outdoor play and the division of outdoor play bays.