火麻仁品种与药用部位本草考证

Ttextual research of Cannabis sativa varieties and medicinal part

目的:通过对火麻仁的本草考证,明确火麻仁药材品种及入药部位,为临床用药提供文献依据。方法:考证历代本草著作,结合现代研究资料进行分析。结果:火麻仁的基原植物古今一致,均为桑科大麻属植物大麻Cannabis sativa。而入药部位,早期文献中对本品的药用部位并未作严格区分,麻賁(雌花序或未成熟的果实)、麻子(果实)、麻子仁(种仁)三者相互混用;自陶弘景开始,逐渐认识到其果皮的毒性,其后历代本草、方书大都特别指出大麻入药须去除果皮,使用种仁。现代药学文献对火麻仁药用部位的记载,或果实,或种仁,较混乱。结论:火麻仁品种古今一致;种仁比果实更安全,其药用部位应为种仁。

Objective： To determine the medicinal part and varieties of Cannabis Sativa through herbal textual research to Provide bibliographic reference for clinical application.Method： Herbal textual research of C.Sativa from ancient herbal works and modern data analysis.Result： Through the herbal textual research,the plant of the C.sativa,for Fructus Cannabis used now is identical with that described in ancient herbal literatures.People did not make a sharp distinction on medicinal part of C.sativa in the early stage literatures,female inflorescence and unripe fruit,fruit and kernel of seed were all used.Since Taohongjing realized the toxicity ofpericarp,all the herbal and prescription works indicate that the pericarp shall be removed before usage and only the kernel can be used.However,in modern literatures,both fruit and kernel can be used as medicinal part.Conclusion： The plants for Fructus Cannabis described in modern and ancient literatures are identical.The base of the original plant is the same either in ancient or modern.And the toxicity of the fruit is more than that of the kernel.The kernel is the exact medicinal part of C.Sativa.