有机/聚合物π半导体的四元设计原理

Design of Organic/Polymeric π-Semiconductors:the Four-Element Principle

从物质结构的角度来看,有机/聚合物半导体是以组合π-轨道为主要电荷载流子输运通道的分子凝聚态固体.其化学本质是π系统,可以通过π-轨道的分子工程技术来巧妙地合成.本文以自己课题组的工作为主线,从物理有机化学的角度,阐述了有机/聚合物半导体设计的基本四要素,即电子结构、空间位阻、构象与拓扑以及超分子弱作用.同时,总结了四个单元要素在有机/聚合物半导体设计方面的研究进展,并展望了四元设计正成为科学家的一种重要思维模式.

Organic semiconductors are charge carrier-transporting molecular solids with π-orbital channels.Organic semiconductors are π-systems that can be created via the molecular engineering of π-orbitals.In this review, we present a pattern in physical organic chemistry by summarizing four fundamental elements of organic/polymeric π-semiconductors according to our previous work.These include electronic structure, steric hindrance, conformation and topology, and supramolecular interactions.Advances in the field of organic/polymeric π-semiconductors with respect to these four elements are highlighted to demonstrate the impact on device functionality and performance.We also provide an outlook of the four-element principle as a basic thinking pattern in scientific research.