虾夷扇贝毒素yessotoxins(YTXs),中国沿海贝类中首次发现的一组贝类生物毒素

First report of the presence of yessotoxins(YTXs) in shellfish from China's coastal areas

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法对我国近海贝类中腹泻性贝毒成分进行研究,结果发现采自北黄海大连附近海域的海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝含有25~41μg/kg的虾夷扇贝毒素（yessotoxin,YTX）,在虾夷扇贝体内还含有37.2μg/kg的45-OH-YTX,并在5种贝中发现微量的Homo-YTX毒素组分,这是首次报道在我国贝中检出此类毒素。虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs是一类含有2个磺酰基的脂溶性多环聚醚类化合物,对小鼠的腹腔注射急性致死毒性很高,毒理作用机制尚不清楚。本研究的结果说明我国贝类体内生物毒素成分复杂,亟需进行毒素成分结构、来源生物、生态毒理效应、分布规律及安全限定标准的研究。

The profile of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning（DSP） toxins in shellfish samples collected from China＇s coastal areas was analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） analysis.The results of LC-MS/MS analysis show that Patinopecten yessoensis and Argopecten irradians collected from the northern Huanghai Sea contain YTX and 45-OH-homo-YTX.Furthermore,Homo-YTX,with very low levels（less than LOQ） was also detected in five shellfish species.This is the first report of the presence of yessotoxins（YTXs） in shellfish from China＇s coastal areas.YTXs are disulfated polyether marine toxins with a characteristic rapid death in the intraperitoneal mouse bioassay,but detailed information on the mechanism（s） of toxic action is not available.These results indicate that biotoxin contamination of shellfish in China＇s coastal areas are very complicated,it is very urgent to carry out researches in our country on toxin structures,biological origin（s）,toxicological properties,ecological effects,distribution characteristics and maximum permitted levels.