环境因素对流动儿童歧视知觉的影响及群体态度的调节作用

Influences of Environmental Factors on Perceived Discrimination and the Role of Group Attitude as a Moderator among Migrant Children in China

采用整班联系、自愿参加的方式,选取北京市海淀、朝阳、昌平三个区的1350名流动儿童为被试,采用歧视知觉问卷、家庭社会经济地位问卷、班级环境气氛量表以及群体态度测验,考察家庭经济环境和学校班级环境对流动儿童歧视知觉的影响,并进一步探讨群体态度对它们关系的影响作用。结果表明:(1)家庭社会经济地位、老师支持和同学支持对于个体和群体歧视知觉具有显著的负向影响,同时,班级内聚力对于个体歧视知觉、满意程度对于群体歧视知觉也存在显著的负向影响。(2)同学支持对于个体歧视知觉的负向预测作用更为重要,老师支持则对群体歧视知觉的负向预测作用更为重要。(3)对于群体态度不同的流动儿童,环境因素对其个体和群体歧视知觉的作用存在一定差异。在个体歧视知觉方面,同学支持是态度中立组和态度偏城市儿童组的最佳预测因素,班级内聚力则是态度偏流动儿童组的最佳预测因素;在群体歧视知觉方面,老师支持对于群体态度不同组均表现出最为重要的预测作用。

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between environmental factors and perceived discrimination as well as the moderating effect of group attitude on it with a sample of 1350 migrant children in Beijing China.The results indicated that：（1） Social economic status and social support from teachers and classmates had significantly negative effects on perceived personal and group discrimination,class cohesion had a significantly negative effect on perceived personal discrimination,and class environment satisfaction had a significantly negative effect on perceived group discrimination.（2） Classmates＇social support contributed more to perceived personal discrimination while teachers ＇ social support contributed more to perceived group discrimination.（3） Group attitude moderated the effect of environmental factors on perceived personal and group discrimination.Classmates＇social support was the best predictor of perceived personal discrimination for migrant children with no bias or pro-city bias,and class cohesion was the best predictor of perceived personal discrimination for those with pro-migrant bias.Teachers＇social support was the best predictor of perceived group discrimination for all types of migrant children.