温度和离体失水胁迫对开花期水稻花粉粒活性的影响

Effect of Extreme Temperature and Dehydration on Pollen Viability during Flowing Time of Rice

对112份云南地方品种和育成品种开花期的稻穗分别进行离体人工高温(40℃)、低温(17℃)和失水胁迫处理,检测其花粉存活率。结果表明:高温和低温使各品种花粉存活率极显著降低。其中老品种籼稻和粳稻对高温和低温都比较敏感,且籼稻对低温的敏感性普遍高于粳稻,而对高温的敏感性两者差异不显著。离体失水处理能极显著降低水稻的花粉存活率,相同材料的花粉抗失水能力与叶片保水力显著正相关。

The experiment was conducted using 112 rice cultivars（ Yunnan old local varieties and hybrid rice varieties） with the treatments of high temperature （40℃）,low temperature（17℃） and dehydration,respectively,during rice heading,to detect changes of pollen viability.The results showed that rice pollen viability decreased significantly under high temperature and low temperature （P0.05）.Moreover,both indica and japonica varieties were very sensitive to high temperature and low temperature.However,indica rice pollen viability sensitivity to low temperature was generally higher than japonica rice,and the difference of the sensitivity to high temperature between indica and japonica varieties was not significant.Dehydration treatment could remarkably reduce the pollen activity of rice.The anti-dehydration ability of pollen and leaf water-kept capacity was positive correlated,that is,the water loss degree of leaves and the decline degree of pollen activity caused by dehydration was consistent.