沼肥对麦套棉群体中小麦产量构成因素及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Biogas Manure on Wheat Yield Components and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat-cotton Double Cropping Colony

通过田间小区定位观测,对比分析了沼肥不同施用量对麦套棉群体中小麦产量构成因素、主要生育期土壤水分含量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,施用沼肥可以促进小麦生长、改善冬小麦产量结构,有效提高成穗数、千粒质量和子粒产量,且随施肥量的增加而增加,其中以施用45 000 kg.hm-2沼肥（A3）处理效果最好,单位产量达到6101.2 kg.hm-2,比对照高出22.2%;同时,施用沼肥后可以使小麦水分利用效率提高7.32%~15.14%。可见在关中地区减施化肥、增施沼肥既可增产,又可促进农村废弃物质良性循环。

The field plot targeting observation was conducted to study the effect of different amount of biogas manure application on wheat yield components, soil moisture content in main growth period and water use efficiency. The results showed that application of organic fertilizer promoted the growth of wheat and increased yield through optimized yield structure of winter wheat with the effective improvement of spike number and 1000 grains weight,and this trend continued with the application rate increases. The application of 45 000 kg . hm -2 biogas manure （A3） had the best results with the yield of 6101.2 kg . hm-2 , 22.2% higher than the control. Meanwhile, biogas manure application can increased water use efficiency of wheat 7.32 %-15.14% . It implied that fertilization strategy of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing the biogas manure will not only benefit to the wheat yield increase, but also benefit to the benign circle of rural waste materials.