PDTank模型及其在三川河流域的应用

PDTANK MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE SANCHUAN RIVER CATCHMENT

介绍了一种具有物理机制的分布式水文模型PDTank(Physically-based Distributed Tank)模型,该模型以矩形网格为计算单元,在垂直方向上用若干个彼此相联系的水箱进行模拟.以水箱中的蓄水深度为控制变量,计算流域的产流、汇流以及下渗过程.本文选择位于黄河中游干旱半干旱区的三川河流域作为研究对象,在研究区应用PDTank模型并结合遥感和地理信息系统对研究区域的径流过程进行了模拟研究.从模拟结果的精度看,PDTank模型可以满足黄河中游干旱半干旱地区的水文过程模拟,同时也为研究黄河中游干旱半干旱地区的水文过程提供了新的手段和工具.

The Physically-based Distributed Tank model （PDTank）, which simulates hydrological processes using tanks as rectangular grids in vertical direction, is presented in this paper. The model can estimate the processes of runoff generation, flow routing and infiltration in the catchment using depth-storage relationship of tanks as control parameters. The PDTank model integrates physical processes including meteorological process, land use, vegetation, surface water and groundwater flow. It can also effectively simulate hydrological processes with the combination of GIS and RS technologies. The Sanchuan River catchment, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin with arid and semi-arid climate, is selected as the study area. The PDTank model is used to simulate the runoff in the Sanchuan River catchment. Relative error and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient are 9.57% and 0.791 in calibration period, while they are 11.62% and 0.783 in validation period. The result shows that the PDTank model performs satisfactorily to simulate the hydrological processes in the study area. It provides a new model and tool to simulate hydrological processes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin with arid and semi-arid climate.