黑河流域上游山区径流模拟及模型评估

ASSESSMENT ON HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR RUNOFF SIMULATION IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE HEIHE RIVER BASIN

探讨了2个不同复杂程度的水文模型在黑河流域上游山区径流模拟方面的适用性.结果表明,在模拟莺落峡站月流量过程时,集总式水文模型WASMOD能够给出与半分布式水文模型SWAT同等精度的模拟结果.另外,WASMOD还具有所需数据量少、模型参数少、模型结构简单等优势.当然,WASMOD只能在周、月或年尺度上进行模拟,而对于日径流模拟无能为力,且只能模拟流域出口断面的流量过程,对流域内部其他站点的模拟无能为力;SWAT在这些方面具有优势.与其他模型应用结果比较,WASMOD和SWAT都表现出了同样甚至更优的径流模拟性能,能够为研究区域的径流模拟与预报提供良好的手段和工具.

Two hydrological models with different spatial distribution are selected to simulate the runoff in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin to validate their performances in simulating hydrological processes. They are calibrated against the observed runoff data at the watershed outlet. Results show that in terms of the simulated hydrograph against observations and the two selected objective functions obtained from the study, the conceptual, lumped WASMOD with simple model structure could give the same results as the semi-distributed SWAT with complex structure. Furthermore, WASMOD has such advantages as limited data requirement, few numbers of parameters and simple model structure, etc., while it can only simulate weekly, monthly and yearly runoff at the outlet of the watershed, and is helpless for the simulation of daily runoff and other stations in the watershed. SWAT model has great advantages in such aspects. Compared with other applications of hydrological models to the watershed, simulation results on monthly scale achieved in this study appear better. Therefore, both WASMOD and SWAT models are proved to be suitable and acceptable tools in simulating runoff in the study area.