股权结构对中国商业银行效率的影响

The Influence of Ownership Structure on the Efficiency of Chinese Commercial Banks

本文将具有不同股权结构的商业银行作为研究对象,采用随机边界法(SFA)分析中国商业银行的成本效率和利润效率,发现不同股权结构的商业银行存在明显的效率差异,四大国有控股银行成本效率较高,但利润效率最低,外资银行利润效率较高;不同股权结构的商业银行在引入外部战略投资者后改善了银行的成本效率,同时还促进了银行利润效率的提升。实证研究表明,中国政府对银行业实施的"财务重组→引入战略投资者→上市→完善治理制度"的改革措施对效率的提升有积极作用,银行业改革的方向是正确的。

Taking commercial banks with different ownership structures as the object of study, this article, with the method of SFA, analyses the cost efficiency and profit efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. The results show that there are significant differences in efficiency among commercial banks with different ownership structures. The four major state-controlled banks have higher cost efficiency, but lower profit efficiency. The foreign banks have higher profit efficiency. The introduction of strategic investors outside the banks has improved the cost efficiency of commercial banks with different ownership structures, while also promoting the enhance of their profit efficiency. Empirical research shows that the reform ＂financial restructuring → introduetion of strategic investors→ stock listing→improving governance system＂, implemented by Chinese government, has a positive effect on the enhance of efficiency. This shows that banking reform is correct.