老子“道”论——十字道与一通道

Laots' Thought of "Tao"——Tao as a cross road and a way without branches

"道"是老子思想的核心概念,它作为一个重要的哲学语素有其深刻内涵。"道"首先是"十字道",也即郭店楚简中的"■"("■"),意指一种不可识、不确定、模糊一团的生命体验与认知。其次,老子从多方面对这一模糊之"道"予以阐释,正是在不确定中通过用"巫"和取"中"来寻求确定性。最后,"道"作为哲学语素的另一层涵义,即通常所认为的"一通道",在"一通道"中有效地防止不确定性是老子"法自然"的哲学智慧。

＂Tao＂ is the core concept of Laots＇ thought. Based on the theory of Chinese philosophical morpheme, this paper holds that the word ＂Tao＂ first means ＂cross road＂, namely in the Chu Bamboo Texts of Guodian, which refers to a life experience and cognition of non-knowledge, uncertainty or mistiness. Then, the paper analyzes the ideological roots that the uncertainty generated from, and the idealistic efforts Laots made to convert the uncertainty into certainty by ＂sorcery＂ and ＂mean＂. Finally, the paper analyzes the other meaning of ＂Tan＂ as a philosophical morpheme, that is ＂a way without branches＂, and explain8 a more effective way to prevent uncertainty, that is ＂to follow nature＂ as Laots said.