演化经济学与马克思演化经济理论

Evolutionary Economics and Marx's Theory Evolutionary Economics

演化经济学普遍认同马克思经济理论是演化的。马克思演化经济理论主要阐述生产方式从最简单演化为复杂的过程,包括生产力(技术层面)和生产关系(制度层面)的演化过程,以及对上层建筑演化的决定作用。生产方式演化的历史阶段性特征取决于生产要素职能的演替。西方发达国家的生产方式已经从最简单的劳动生产方式演化为复杂的资本生产方式,正在向着更为复杂的知识生产方式演化。马克思重点阐述了劳动生产方式向资本生产方式演化的过程,而演化经济学重点阐述的是资本生产方式向知识生产方式演化的过程。中国目前正在经历劳动生产方式向资本生产方式以及资本生产方式向知识生产方式的双重演化。借助于演化经济学重新阐发马克思演化经济理论,不仅是中国经济学理论发展的需要,也是中国社会主义市场经济实践的需要。

Evolutionary economics advocates that Marxist economic theory is evolutionary. Marx＇s evolutionary economic theory mainly expounds the evolution of mode of production from the simplest to a complicated one including the evolution of productivity （technically） and production relations （systematically） and their decisive role in the evolution of superstructure. The feature of historical stages in the evolution of mode of production depends on the evolution and replacement of production factors. The productivity of western developed countries has evolved from the simplest mode of production into complicated capital production and is evolving towards a more complicated and intellectual one. Marx mainly expounds the evolution of labor production to capital production while evolutionary economics is mainly about the evolution of capital production to intellectual production. China now is undergoing both of the evolution mentioned above. The reex- pounding of Marx＇s evolutionary economic theory with help of evolutionary economics meets not only the development of Chinese economic theories but the practice of Chinese socialist market economy.