超声瞬时波强技术检测飞行员早期动脉粥样硬化的研究

The detection of early-stage atherosclerosis in pilots using wave intensity techniques

目的研究超声瞬时波强技术对飞行员动脉粥样硬化的早期检测及其影响因素。方法应用超声瞬时波强技术检测飞行员颈总动脉,其中正常组37例,早期动脉粥样硬化组44例,动脉粥样硬化组52例,将瞬时波强指标与血管回声跟踪(ET)指标及常规超声指标进行组间比较及相关分析。结果早期动脉粥样硬化及动脉粥样硬化组颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、瞬时加速度波强(W1)及超声瞬时波强(WI)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV_WI)均较正常组高(P<0.05);早期动脉粥样硬化组与正常组间血管回声跟踪指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。W1与左心室射血分数(LVEF)呈正相关,瞬时减速度波强(W2)与二尖瓣前向血流频谱E峰与A峰比值(E/A值)及IMT相关,反相波面积(NA)与血流阻力指数(RI)呈正相关,PWV_WI与ET指标相关(P<0.05)。结论超声瞬时波强技术可反映心血管系统血流动力学及心脏与血管交互关系,评价早期动脉粥样硬化整体心血管功能较血管回声跟踪技术敏感。

Objective To detect early-stage atherosclerosis in pilots using wave intensity techniques. Methods A total of 133 pilots were classified into three groups including healthy control group （37 cases ）, early-stage atherosclerosis group （44 cases）, and atherosclerosis group （52 cases）. The parameters were evaluated by wave intensity （WI） technique, echo-tracking （ET） technique and conventional ultrasound technique for comparison and linear correlation analysis. Results Compared with healthy control group, intima-media thickness （IMT） , magnitude of the first WI peak （WI） and pulse wave velocity of WI at common carotid artery were higher in early-stage atherosclerosis group and atherosclerosis group （P 〈 0.05 ） . There was no significant difference for the parameters of ET between early-stage atherosclerosis and healthy control group （P 〉0.05）. WI was correlated positively with left ventricular ejection fraction （EF） （P 〈 0.05 ）. The magnitude of second WI peak （ W2 ） was correlated with the ratio of early to late mitral doppler peak flow velocity （E/A） and IMT （P 〈 0.05 ）. The negative area （NA） was positively correlated with resistive index （RI） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Pulse wave velocity of WI （PWVWI） was correlated with the indices of ET technique （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion WI technique could be used to evaluate the interaction between heart and the arterial system, which also could be used to apply for detecting the early-stage atherosclerosis with higher sensitivity than ET technique.