食物中毒副溶血性弧菌的分离及分型研究

Isolation and typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes food poisoning

目的检测食物中毒副溶血性弧菌,并进行血清学分型,应用PCR技术检测不同血清型耐热直接溶血素（TDH）和耐热直接溶血素相关基因（TRH）,为食物中毒的病原诊断提供依据。方法在发生食物中毒现场采集可疑食物,患者粪便、肛拭、呕吐物,厨师手部拭样及食品操作间拭样等进行病原菌检验和血清学分型,应用PCR技术对45株副溶血性弧菌进行TDH和TRH检测。结果 1978-2004年发生食物中毒48起,其中由细菌性引起的43起（89.58%）。2005~2007年发生细菌性食物中毒27起,其中16起（59.26%）由副溶血性弧菌引起,7起（25.93%）由金黄葡萄球菌引起;4起（14.81%）由2种及2种以上病原菌引起。共检出88株副溶血性弧菌,分为6个血清型,其中O1型23株（26.14%）,O2型1株（1.14%）,O3型37株（42.05%）,O4型25株（28.41%）,O5型1株（1.14%）,O10型1株（1.14%）。应用PCR技术对45株不同血清型副溶血性弧菌进行TDH和TRH检测,O1型16株菌中有15株TDH阳性,1株TDH阴性;O3型9株菌TDH均阳性;O4型20株菌中17株TDH阳性,3株TDH阴性。45株菌TRH1和TRH2均阴性。结论引起细菌性食物中毒的病原菌主要是副溶血性弧菌O1、O2、O3、O4、O5、O10血清型。

Objective To test for and serotype Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes food poisoning and to provide grounds for diagnosis of the pathogen responsible for food poisoning by PCR detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin（TDH） gene and TDH-related hemolysin（TRH） genes of different serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.MethodsSuspected food sources were collected at sites of food poisoning and samples of patient feces,anal swabs,vomit,swabs of the hands of cooks,and swabs of the food preparation room were subjected to pathogen testing and serotyping.PCR was used to detect TDH and TRH from 45 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Results There were 48 instances of food poisoning from 1978 to 2004;of these,43（89.58%） were caused by bacteria.There were 27 instances of food poisoning from 2005 to 2007;of these,16（59.26%） were caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus,7（25.93%） were caused by Staphylococcus aureus,and 4（14.81%） were caused by two or more pathogens.In all,88 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected with 6 serotypes;of these,23 strains（26.14%） were O1,1（1.14%） was O2,37（42.05%） were O3,25（28.41%） were O4,and 1 was O5（1.14%）,and 1（1.14%） was O10.PCR was used to detect TDH and TRH from 45 strains of different serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Of 16 strains with the O1 serotype,15 were positive for TDH and 1 was negative for TDH.Of 9 strains with the O3 serotype,all were positive for TDH.Of 20 strains with the O4 serotype,17 were positive for TDH and 3 were negative for TDH.The 45 strains were all negative for TRH1 and TRH2.Conclusion Food poisoning caused by bacteria was caused mainly by Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotypes O1,O2,O3,O4,O5,and O10.