副词“比较”的功能扩展及语义、语用考察——当代汉语相对程度副词主观性与功能扩展

The Functional Expansion and Semantic ＆ Pragmatic Overview of Adverb ＂Bi Jiao＂- Subjectivity and Functional Expansion of Adverb of Relative Degree in Contemporary Chinese

“比较”是使用频率较高的一个程度副词，在其功能演化扩展的过程中，语义上，该词逐步从相对副词范畴扩展到绝对副词范畴；语用上，从肯定式扩展到否定式。追本溯源，“比较”的功能扩展是语用表达需要和语言结构内部调整共同作用的结果。文章主要以副词“比较”相对程度义作为该词的语法意义的原型范畴，考察该词的功能演化轨迹，描述其现实表现，并对相关问题进行探讨。

＂Bi Jiao＂ is a common adverb of degree at present. Semantically, it is evolving from adverb of relative degree to that of absolute degree; pragmatically, it has expanded from positive form to negative form. In origin, the functional expansion of ＂Bi Jiao＂ is the joint activity of pragmatic expression and linguistic restructure. This paper intends to regard relative meaning of ＂Bi Jiao＂ as its prototype to trace its evolution and reason behind contemporary function.