兰州市家庭用能特点及结构转换的减排效应

Characteristics of Household Energy Consumption and Emissions Reduction of Structure Conversion in Lanzhou City

能源消费与人民生活和环境质量有紧密的关联。本文通过问卷调查获取了150个家庭用能资料,基于能源种类和用能结构的分析,揭示了城市家庭用能的特点,并通过替代分析估算用能结构转换的减排效应。结果表明,兰州市户均生活能源消费1598.61kgce/a,人均490.37kgce/a。其中取暖制冷、炊事和照明3项基本生活用能占87.87%,清洁卫生、交通和娱乐等用能占12.13%;在现有的用能结构下,户均年排放CO2、SO2和NOx的量分别为4.35t、25.28kg和2.15kg。以煤为主和以取暖为主要用途的家庭能源消费是影响兰州市大气质量的一个重要原因;利用天然气和太阳能的减排效益明显,减排潜力巨大。用天然气替代LPG,每户温室气体CO2、SO2、NOx年减排量分别为60.060kg、0.047kg、0.089kg;用天然气替代燃煤取暖每户年减排量分别为814.5kg、20.09kg、1.6kg;用太阳能替代电力或天然气,减排效益也很明显。扩大天然气和太阳能的利用应是今后家庭用能转换的主要选择。

Energy consumption patterns are closely associated with the quality of life and environment conditions.With the rapid urbanization process currently,the structure of household energy consumption has greatly been improved.Studying the quantity,structure and changing characteristics of household energy is thus of importance to understand the issue of energy shortage and environmental deterioration induced by increasing urban population.The authors performed a study on Lanzhou City,located in the geometric center of continental territory of China.It is a typical valley-city that extends along the Yellow River,long in EW-trending and narrow in NS-trending.The special geographical position makes the self-purification capacity of the atmosphere greatly weakened and the threshold of environmental capacity decreased.The industry of Lanzhou City is dominant by petrochemical and metallurgy,which lead to high energy consumption and heavy pollution.As such,it is one of the most polluted cities in China.This study received 150 questionnaires associated with household＇s energy use.Based on analyses of energy types and the structure of energy use,the authors carefully analyzed urban household energy characteristics,and estimated the emissions reduction due to substituting a variety of new and under-utilized types of energy for current energy sources.Results show that household energy consumption is 490.37 kgce/a per capita and 1598.61 kgce/a per household in Lanzhou City.Energy used in heating and refrigeration,cooking and lighting roughly accounts for 87.87% of the total energy use,the rest of which is used for hygiene,transport and entertainment.Under current energy use structures,the emissions of CO2,SO2 and NOx is 4.35t/a,25.28kg/a and 2.15kg/a per household,respectively.Coal is the dominant energy source and heating is the main use of energy.Natural gas and solar energy have relatively lower emissions,suggesting the high potential to decrease emissions by using these energy sources.Substituting natural gas for currently used liquefied petroleum gas can cause reductions in emissions of CO2,SO2 and NOx,by 60.06 kg,0.047 kg and 0.089 kg per household,respectively.Further reductions by substituting natural gas for coal in heating are 814.5 kg,20.09 kg and 1.6 kg per household.Using solar energy to substitute for electricity or natural gas also shows a great effect of emission reduction.The proportion of wind power,hydropower,solar power generation and methane power generation has gradually increased.If such clean power substitutes for thermal power,it can reduce CO2,SO2,NOx emissions of 698.7g,4.62 g and 0.38 g,respectively.Increasing the use of natural gas and solar energy should be the leading choice for future energy substitution programs.