基于GIS技术的陆上风能资源开发制约因素分析——以甘肃省酒泉风电基地为例

Analysis of Constraints on Utilization of Wind Energy Resources at Overland Wind Farms Based on GIS:A Case in Jiuquan City,Gansu Province

本文采用中国气象局的风能资源数值模式系统,模拟了甘肃酒泉风电规划区较高分辨率(1km×1km)的50m高度平均风能资源分布状况。结果表明,玉门市昌马乡西部、瓜州县柳园镇附近、敦煌西部与新疆哈密交界区以及马鬃山镇附近年平均风功率密度和年有效小时数均较大,属于风资源较丰富区,有利于大规模风电开发。通过与测风塔实测数据的对比检验,评估了数值模拟结果的准确度。根据实际地形地貌和土地利用等基础地理信息,采用ArcGIS空间分析技术和建模工具分析了影响甘肃酒泉风电基地风能资源开发的主要制约因素,扣除不可开发区和限制开发区,计算得到可利用区域各等级风能资源的开发面积、技术可开发量、制约条件所占面积等评估结果。本文研究结果可为区域或风电场风能资源评估及风能资源开发利用提供技术途径和科学参考。

Site selection in development zones and quantification of the technical exploitation amount of wind power through integration of accurate numerical simulation and objective assessment play a fundamental role in exploitation and utilization of wind energy resources.The distribution of wind energy resources at 50 m height with high resolution of 1 km×1 km at the planning area of wind power in Jiuquan City,Gansu Province was simulated using the wind energy numerical simulation model developed by the China Meteorological Administration.The model uses dynamic and statistical method,consisting of the large scale weather background classified model,meso-scale simulation model and statistical model.First,30-year climate datasets were classified as 448 clusters in terms of weather types.Second,each type was simulated by the meso-scale model.Third,the weighted average method was used to compute the distribution of wind energy resources in terms of the probability of each type in the 30-years datasets.Simulated results showed that the annual wind power density and annual effective hours in the south of Changma Town,Yumen City,Liuyuan Town,Guazhou County,the west of Dunhuang City and the surrounding of Mazongshan Town are relatively high.This suggests the large potential of wind energy resources and the feasibility of large scale exploitation of wind energy resources.The simulations of wind speed and wind power density are accurate through comparing with observations at three wind towers.Except one tower showing relatively large error in wind speed,error at the other towers was generally less than 5%.Major constraints on development and utilization of wind energy resources in the planning regions were carefully analyzed based on geographic information datasets consisting of topography,geomorphology,and land use data from the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping using spatial analysis techniques and functionalities in ArcGIS software packages.Results suggested that the areas of desert and terrain with slope larger than 10% account for 90.91% of the total planning area,an explicit indication of limitations in wind energy resources exploitation.The area and technical exploitation amount of wind power on different grades in the planning regions excluding the limited development areas were computed.It was found that the rich zones for wind energy resources exploitation in Jiuquan City are Yumen,Guazhou and Subei counties.The technical exploitation amount of wind power on the third grade was found to be 117 million kW,whereas that on the fourth grade is only 3.6 million kW.As such,Jiuquan City seems is more suited for being taken as the third-grade wind farms in wind energy resources exploitation.This study provides a basis and reference for assessment and analysis of constraints on utilization of wind energy resources.