青钱柳花粉生活力及耐贮性的研究

Pollen viability and storability of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja.

青钱柳具有明显的花期不育性,对其自花授粉和结实产生很大的影响。本文系统研究了青钱柳花粉生活力的测定方法、不同散粉期花粉生活力的动态变化,及不同贮藏条件下花粉的耐贮性,为开展人工授粉以解决青钱柳花期不遇和远缘杂交等提供科学依据。结果表明:琼脂培养法较适于青钱柳花粉的贮藏,且在硼酸10mg/L+蔗糖10%培养基上花粉萌发率最高;在整个散粉期间,花粉生活力的变化值呈正态分布,散粉盛期的花粉生活力最高,可达93.7%;不同含水量、不同贮藏温度对贮藏花粉生活力的影响呈极显著差异;随着贮藏时间的增加,花粉生活力下降;含水量为7.3%、花粉贮藏在-80℃条件下生活力最高,贮藏4个月花粉生活力还维持在50%左右。

Dichogamy is an important factor preventing the self-fertilization and fruit production of Cyclocarya paliurus.We evaluated the methods of testing pollen viability,the dynamics of the pollen viability during the dispersal period and the storability of pollen under different conditions,in order to provide scientific references for artificial pollination and distant hybridization.The results showed that the agar culture was a suitable method for testing pollen viability.The optimum culture medium was 10 mg /L boric acid with 10% sucrose.The pollen viability showed a normal distribution during the dispersal period,with the highest germination rate of up to 93.7% during the metaphase of the dispersal.The pollen viability decreased with the extension of the storage period.The storage temperature and moisture content of pollen had significant effects on its storability.The combination of a moisture content of 7.3% and storage temperature of-80℃ was the best storage condition,which could retain pollen viability to about 50% after a 4-month storage.