新型磁流变阻尼器的设计和试验

Design and Experimental Study of the MR Damper

针对磁流变阻尼器存在的过热、结构复杂、磁场利用率不高和沉淀等问题,结合车辆减振对阻尼器拉压阻尼力成比例控制的需求,设计了磁场外置的旁路式、液体单向流动的新型车用磁流变阻尼器,并完成样机试制和台架拉压试验。新型磁流变阻尼器在工作原理和结构上都有突出特点,有效解决了磁场利用效率,输出拉、压力的匹配,沉淀和多自由度受力的问题。将阻尼发生装置设计成外置串联结构,线圈置于缸筒内且靠近筒壁,减小了阻尼器的径向尺寸,散热条件好,便于维修。实验设计准确合理。通过试验分析励磁电流、振幅、频率对阻尼力的影响,新型磁流变阻尼器的拉压阻尼力成比例控制结构设计合理有效,可满足车辆减振对阻尼器阻尼力控制的要求;平行圆盘缝隙式阻尼发生装置能明显提高磁流变阻尼器的磁场利用率,使阻尼力范围更大,更易控制。新型磁流变阻尼器的设计为改进和其性能提供了新的技术途径,为车辆减振应用提供了一种有效可行的新型阻尼装置和重要的研究依据。

In consideration of problems of current magnetic rheology damping devices concerning overheating, structural complexity, low magnetic field utilization ratio and precipitations, based on the requirement for the vehicle＇s shock absorption, which should be proportionally controlled with the damping device, this paper presents a design of a new-type magnetic rheology damping device for vehicles that adopts an external magnetic field of bypass type and a one-way liquid flow, for which the advanced development and test phases have already successfully completed. The new magnetic rheology damping device has prominent features in its working principle and structures, including the efficient use of magnetic field, the matching of pull and push forces, and the handling of precipitation and forces of multi-degrees of freedom. The damping part is connected to the structure in a serial manner, and the coil is inside the cylinder near the tube wall, to reduce the size in the radial direction, to secure a good radiation condition and for convenient maintenance. The effects of the exciting current, the oscillation amplitude and the frequency on the damping force are experimetally analyzed, and the new magnetic rheology damping device is shown to be able to generate the pull and push damping force to effectively match the proportional control structural design, which satisfies the requirement in attenuating the vehicle＇s vibration. The parallel disc slit type damping can enhance the efficiency of the magnetic field in generating the magnetic rheology damping force, to extend the damping force＇s range and to ease its control. The new device provides a new technical way for the performance improvement, an effective feasible new antihunt device and an important vehicle＇s antivibration application.