“国家考试”:民国中期关于学士学位制度的理论思考和制度设计

National Examination:Theoretical Thinking and System Design on Bachelor’s Degree in the Mid-republic of China

学士学位是近代中国高等教育制度的重要组成部分。民国中期已经有学者在以学士学位作为切入点来全面剖析和反思高等教育的基础上．提出国家考试这一新的制度理念。主张由国家组织专家委员会选择考试科目和拟定命题：实行全国联考。合格者获得学位；申请者不再局限于在校生。这一理念旨在通过改造学士学位授予制度来促进和提高大学人才培养质量。它认为，学位是大学理念和精神的集中体现和浓缩．学士学位的本质属性在于其特有的专业内涵和水准，保证其质量的根本则在于包括课程、教学和教师等因素在内的大学教育人才培养模式。同时，近代学士学位制度已经包含着诸多的现代性因素，例如，学士学位授予应具有清晰和统一的标准；学士学位应发挥其对于本科高等教育人才培养模式的引领和向导功能：学士学位应充分体现教育公平公正；完善的学位制度应倡导和谐的师生关系。

The Bachelor＇s degree is the important component of higher education system in modern China. In the mid - Republic of China, by the bachelor＇s degree as the breakthrough point, some scholar proposed the National Examination. It including： organizes the Expert board by the country to choose the subject of examination and to draw up the proposition; Implements the national joint entrance, the passer obtains the degree; The applicant no longer limits to the enrolled student. This idea see the bachelor＇s degree as the basic point to improving and enhancing the university personnel training pattern and the quality, to provided the beneficial history for current understood thoroughly the bachelor＇s degree system.It believed that the degree is the centralism manifests and concentrates of the university idea and its spiritual. The bachelor＇s degree system was already containing many modernity factors.