柔毛霉素、骆驼蓬总碱的兔眼部毒性作用

Toxicity of Intraocular Injection of Daunorubicine and Total Alkaloid of Harmaline to the Rabbit Eyes

目的探讨药物柔毛霉素（ｄａｕｎｏｒｕｂｉｃｉｎ，ＤＮＲ）、骆驼蓬总碱（ｔｏｔａｌａｌｋａｌｏｉｄｏｆＨａｒｍａｌｉｎｅ，ＴＡＨ）眼内注射防治后发性白内障的毒性作用。方法于兔右眼晶体囊外摘除（ｅｘｔｒａｃａｐｓｕｌａｒｌｅｎｓｅｘ－ｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＥＣＬＥ）术中分别前房内注射０．２ｍｇ／ｍｌＴＡＨ和０．２ｍｇ／ｍｌＤＮＲ溶液０．１ｍｌ，观察术眼的炎性反应、眼内压、角膜内皮细胞、视网膜电图及眼组织病理学等变化，对照眼为在同一兔的左眼。结果对照眼与１５只注入ＴＡＨ眼仅有轻度的角膜水肿混浊和房水混浊等眼部炎性反应；１０只注入ＤＮＲ眼出现严重的内皮性角膜水肿混浊，前房大量纤维素性渗出物等明显的炎性反应，ＴＡＨ眼术后角膜内皮细胞计数、视网膜电图ｂ波的振幅和潜时与对照眼无差别。组织病理学检查显示ＴＡＨ组仅有轻度的角膜内皮和虹膜色素上皮细胞水肿，透射电镜检查ＴＡＨ眼的视网膜感光细胞外节盘膜结构清晰，排列整齐。而ＤＮＲ组角膜基质水肿伴有大量的炎性细胞尤其是嗜酸性细胞浸润、内皮细胞脱落残余部分明显呈核固缩，虹膜基质严重水肿充血，视网膜细胞排列紊乱，表现出明显的毒性反应。结论ＴＡＨ眼内注射对组织毒性较小，有可能用于后发性白内障?

Objective To investigate the toxicity of daunorubicine(DNR) and total alkaloid of Harmaline (TAH) to the rabbit eyes after intraocular injection for prevention of posterior capsule opacification.Methods During extracapsular lens extraction (ECLE),0.1ml of 0.2mg/ml DNR or 0.2mg/ml TAH was injected into the anterior chamber of rabbit's right eye respectively,the balance salt solution was injected into the anterior chember of the left eye as control.The inflammtory respones,intraocular pressure,density of corneal endothelial cells,the amplitude and latency of b wave of electroretinogram and histological changes were studied.Results 15 TAH treated and control eyes only showed mild corneal edema and cloudy of aqueous humor,but in 10 DNR treated eyes,there were sever inflammatory response such as corneal edema and severe fibreous exudate in anterior chamber.Four weeks after injection,there was no difference between TAH treated eyes and the controls in density of corneal endothelial cells,amplitude and latency of b wave of electroretinogram.Transmisson electronic microscopy showed that the structure of outer segment membrane of photoreceptor was clear and arranged regularly in TAH treated eyes.Histological study revealed that in TAH treated eyes only mild edema of corneal endothelial cells and iris pigment epithelial cells,however,in DNR treated eyes,corneal stromal edema accompanied with large amount of inflammtory cells infiltration were seen.There was loss of corneal endothelial cells,some retained cells showed karyopyknosis.Iris stromal was severly congestion and edema,the retina cells arranged irregularly.All these findings suggested that DNR had had obvious toxicity to the eye. Conclusion The toxicity of intraocular injection of TAH was mild,it may be used as a therapeutic agent for preventing the posterior capsule opacification,However,the toxicity of DNR intraocular injection was severe,it is suggested that further study on the dosage of DNR is required.