喂养方式对婴幼儿智能发育的影响研究

The effect of feeding types on the intelligence development in infants

目的比较母乳喂养、混合喂养与人工喂养对婴儿智能发育的影响。方法选择足月出生的正常体重儿348例,分母乳喂养、混合喂养和人工喂养3组,纳入婴儿分别于1、3、6月龄进行丹佛智能筛查表(DDST)发育测试,同时记录6个月内患呼吸道感染、肺炎、腹泻、佝偻病等疾病的情况。结果婴儿常见病患病率以母乳喂养组最低、混合喂养组次之,人工喂养组最高,且3组中两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组婴儿在1、3、6月龄的DDST压线项目通过率中,大多数项目通过率母乳喂养组>混合喂养组>人工喂养组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中3月龄中62.5%的项目,3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);6月龄中38.46%的项目,3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论母乳是4个月内婴儿的最佳食物,其营养素齐全,能够减少患病率、全面满足婴儿体格生长,同时适时添加高质量的辅食对婴儿智能发育的作用是不可忽视的。

Objective To compare the effects of breasffeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding on the intelligence development in infants. Methods 348 infants with full-term normal birth weight were enrolled in the study, they were divided into three groups, breast feeding group, mixed feeding group and artificial feeding group the intelligence development test was performed on 1,3,6 month after birth respectively according to Denver developmental screening table （ DDST）, at the same time, the infants＇ healthy state including respiratory tract infections ,pneumonia, diarrhea, rickets and other diseases was observed, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of common diseases in breast feeding group was the lowest, followed by mixed feeding group ,which was the highest in artificial feeding group, and there were significant differences among the three groups （ P 〈0.05）. The order of through put of DDST pressure line project in the three groups at 1,3,6 months was breast feeding group 〉 mixed feeding group 〉 artificial feeding group, there were significant differences among the three groups （ P 〈0.05）. There were significant differences in 62.5% of the project in 3-month old infants among the three groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）, There were significant differences in 38.46% of the project in 6-month old infants among the three groups （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Condttsion The breast milk is best food for the infants within 4 months, its nutrients are complete, which can reduce the incidence of diseases and can fully satisfy the need of physical growth of infants, while adding high-quality complementary feeding timely is essential for the intellectual development of infants.