基于遗传算法和MATLAB-ADAMS的汽车转向节优化计算

Optimization Calculation of the Steering Knuckle Structure of Vehicle Based on Genetic Algorithm and MATLAB-ADAMS

针对某微型汽车转向沉重、前轮摆振和前轮磨耗严重的问题,首先建立了麦弗逊前悬架数学模型,依照给定的前轮定位目标参数,在Matlab环境下,优化计算得出转向节关键点静平衡位置坐标,然后根据计算结果在ADAMS软件中建立麦弗逊前悬架虚拟样机模型,最后采用遗传算法联合ADAMS仿真优化的方法,以前轮上下跳动时4个前轮定位参数值相对于给定值变化量绝对值加权之和最小为综合目标,对其进行优化.优化后4个前轮定位参数值都是围绕目标值上下变化,其中后倾角变化幅度减少32%,内倾角变化幅度减少24%,前束角变化减少34%,外倾角的变化也一直处于外张状态,悬架运动特性得到改善,同时也证明了联合仿真优化方法方便可行.

Aiming at the problems of the serious turn heavy,front-wheel shimmying and front-wheel abrasion,this paper first framed the mathematical model of the steering knuckle.And according to the given target parameters,the key point coordinates of the steering knuckle in static equilibrium state were optimized and adjusted by the optimization tool of the MATLAB software.And then,based on the result of the calculation,we created a virtual prototype model of MacPherson Front Suspension in the ADAMS software.In the end,using Genetic Algorithm combined with ADAMS,the sum of the change of four alignment parameter values relative to the given value when the front wheel was jumping up and down was optimized.Optimization results have shown that the four alignment parameter values change with the objective values.The inclined angle,the tilt angle and the toe angle are reduced within the range of 32%,24% and 34%,respectively.The camber angle has been in the externally-braced state,the movement characteristics of the front suspension are optimized and the co-simulation is convenient and feasible.