20世纪西方文论对女性主义批评兴起的影响

The Theoretical Impetuses for the Rise of Western Feminist Literary Criticism in the 20th Century

关于西方女性主义文学批评兴起的原因,国内的相关研究论述大多集中于讨论两位女性主义先驱弗吉尼亚.伍尔芙与西蒙.德.波伏娃的思想启蒙与女权主义运动的直接影响,20世纪西方文论的整体发展趋势与特点对女性主义批评兴起也具有影响。20世纪西方文论与传统的文学理论相比,无论是作为理论出发点的哲学思想还是指导具体批评实践的批评方法都发生了很大改变。新兴的三大理论趋势——对非理性力量的认同、对读者的授权以及政治批评的介入——成为女性主义批评兴起的重要促进因素。

To Chinese scholars,western feminist critical theory is based on a quite different intellectual tradition.Therefore,exploring the theoretical factors that spur western feminist literary criticism is especially important.Instead of focusing on the enlightened statements of the two feminist predecessors-Simone de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf,or on the social conditions motivated by Feminist Movement,this paper intends to study the influence of the conceptual shifts in western literary theories in the twentieth century.Three new theoretical trends in western literary theories are presented as the major impetuses：the legitimation of irrational power,the empowerment of reader and the involvement of political critique.