程颢、张载论性及其分歧——以《定性书》为切入点

Differences between Zhang Zai and Cheng Hao's Theory of Human Nature Reflected in "A Letter on Determining Human Nature"

依学理而论,张载论性基于天地之性与气质之性二分的理论前提。然而,程颢在人性问题上乃是典型的"性一元论"者。由是观之,张程二人在人性理论上存在重大的分歧,因此而导发的"定性"问题——性之本体与定性功夫便凸显而出。两人关于"定性"的讨论主要集中敞显于《定性书》之中。《定性书》中表明了程颢坚守性本一源,无有内外,无需定性,并且依此回应了张载性出二源,累于外物,须有定性功夫的观点。

Zhang Zai expounded the human nature on the theoretical premise that human nature and temperament were different,but Cheng Hao was a typical ＂monist＂ in human nature.In this perspective,Zhang diverged greatly from Cheng.This led to the issue of ＂determining human nature＂,which was well reflected in Cheng s ＂A Letter on Determining Human Nature＂ in reply to Zhang.In this letter Cheng indicated that human nature was temperament without the distinction of the internal and the external,and this was his response to the different view of Zhang Zai.