对“反、返”古今字的重新考察

Right "Counter-Returns to" the Ancient and Modern Character Inspection Again

文章以保利艺术博物馆入藏的一件商代帝辛时期的青铜方鼎《■方鼎》铭文中的"返"字为出发点,调查出土文献与传世文献中"反、返"二字的使用情况,对过去一直认为是古今字的"反"、"返"二字的关系重新进行了考察,指出表示"返回"义的"返"字在商代晚期就已出现,但同时还借同音的"反"字表示"返回"义,"返"并非"反"的后起字,在表示"返回"这个意义上,二者应是通假关系。文章的研究可以纠正《古代汉语》教材仅依据传世文献用字将"反、返"二字视为古今字的错误看法,有利于指导古代汉语教学。

This article takes the Chinese character ＂返＂from the inscription carved on the bronze ＂Fang Ding＂ of Shang Dynasty collected in Bao Li Art Museum as the start point.The investigation indicates that the usage of two Chinese characters ＂反＂and ＂返＂is different in excavated and handed-down documents.After re-inspecting the relationship between ＂反＂and＂返＂,which the author considers improper,this article points out the character ＂返＂which express the meaning of ＂return＂ appearing in Shang Dynasty,and meanwhile,it also borrowed the character ＂反＂to express the same meaning.Therefore,the characters＂返＂and＂反＂appeared at the same time.From this viewpoint,these two characters are interchangeability of Chinese.The study in this article will correct the mistaken view of ＂返＂and ＂反＂which are considered as the ancient and modern characters in Chinese teaching materials.It will play an important role in teaching ancient Chinese in the future.